LED Color Mixer

//first initialize all pins
//these are the pins connected to the buttons
const int RedButton = 2;
const int GreenButton = 4;
const int BlueButton = 7;
//these are the pins connected to each RGB LED lead, respectively
const int RedLED = 9;
const int GreenLED = 10;
const int BlueLED = 11;
//ButtonState will a reading of the whether the button is pressed or unpressed, this will be important in having the change of state of the button execute a change of state in the LED.
//This variable will change, so we just initialze it to zero as a starting point.
int ButtonStateR = 0;
int ButtonStateG = 0;
int ButtonStateB = 0;

void setup() {
 //everything under void setup executes once - we use it configure
 //the pins we use into certain modes (input or putput)
 //and execute any code we want to run only once (for example, test code to make sure your RGB LED is functional)
 pinMode(RedButton, INPUT);
 pinMode(GreenButton, INPUT);
 pinMode(BlueButton, INPUT);
 pinMode(RedLED, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(GreenLED, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(BlueLED, OUTPUT);
 //cycle through the RGB colors to make sure the LED is working
 //tells the microcontroller to turn on the LED for 100ms
 digitalWrite(RedLED, HIGH);
 delay(100);
 //te;;s the microcontroller to tunr off the LED fo 50ms
 digitalWrite(RedLED, LOW);
 delay(50);
 digitalWrite(GreenLED, HIGH);
 delay(100);
 digitalWrite(GreenLED, LOW);
 delay(50);
 digitalWrite(BlueLED, HIGH);
 delay(100);
 digitalWrite(BlueLED, LOW);
 delay(50);
 //sets up serial communication between the board and the serial port
 //
 Serial.begin(19200);
 //R
 void loop() {
// set up the ButtonState readers for each LED.
// digitalRead will read the state of each pin everytime this part of the code loops, allowing us to determine if the button is being pressed or not.
// Question for students: why does this chunk of code need to be in the void loop part?
ButtonStateR = digitalRead(RedButton);
delay(5);
ButtonStateG = digitalRead(GreenButton);
delay(5);
ButtonStateB = digitalRead(BlueButton);
delay(5);
// Question for students: what do you think will happen if you change the if statements to while
statements?
// Why are we turning the LED HIGH whne the ButtonSate is low?
// This is because of the pull-up resistors used in the circuit.
// What are pull up resistors? Read below for more information:
// With a pull-up resistor, the input pin will read a high state
// when the button is not pressed. In other words, a small amount
// of current is flowing between VCC and the input pin (not to ground),
// thus the input pin reads close to VCC. When the button is pressed, it
// connects the input pin directly to ground. The current flows through
// the resistor to ground, thus the input pin reads a low state. Keep in mind,
// while the resistor wasn’t there, your button would connect VCC to ground,
// which is very bad and is also known as a short.
if (ButtonStateR == LOW) {
Serial.println("red button pressed");
digitalWrite(RedLED, HIGH);
delay(5);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(RedLED, LOW);
delay(5);
}
// Why use the Serial.println?
// So we can debug our circuit - if the serial monitor isn't displaying a button press when there has been one,
// we know something in the circuit must be wrong.
if (ButtonStateG == LOW) {
Serial.println("green button pressed");
digitalWrite(GreenLED, HIGH);
delay(5);  
}
else
{
digitalWrite(GreenLED, LOW);
delay(5);
}
if (digitalRead(BlueButton) == LOW) {
Serial.println("blue button pressed");
digitalWrite(BlueLED, HIGH);
delay(5);
}
else {
digitalWrite(BlueLED, LOW);
delay(5);
}
}